Il campione degli studenti presenti , circa 40, erano, per la maggior parte, frequentanti del corso di inglese "legale" tenuto nel primo semestre.
Corso che ha visto gli studenti impegnati in attività di:
- ricerca, analisi e consolidamento di un lessico specialistico
- traduzioni
- comprensione di letture specifiche (contract law, business law, employment law etcc..)
- esercizi su tempi verbali
- collocazioni e utilizzo di locuzioni avverbiali
premesso ci sia una buona competenza di base dell'inglese generale, con un intervento formativo di circa 60 ore, come previsto dalla nostra offerta didattica, potremmo ambire al conseguimento di una certificazione di lingua riconosciuta, come quella del TOLES, seppure a un livello "foundation".
La teacher ringrazia!
graditi i vostri commenti
5 commenti:
Esperienza interessante, l'ho trovata veramente molto utile come esercitazione affidabile in vista dell'esame vero e proprio (mi raccomando, clemenza..).
Spero la certificazione TOLES sia "ufficializzata" al più presto per questo tipo d'esame, motivo in più per dar lustro alla nostra facoltà (che ne ha parecchio bisogno).
Best regards (giusto? boh me lo auguro)
Gianluca
La frequenza del corso si è rivelata parecchio utile per l'esercitazione...certamente tre mesi fa non sarei riuscita a sostenerla...spero solo di conseguire gli stessi risultati il giorno dell'esame!
Sarebbe davvero un'ottima iniziativa sostituire l'idoneità con la certificazione TOLES,dato che, a mio avviso, il corso ci fornisce una preparazione adeguata per sostenere per lo meno il livello "foundation" e, non da ultimo, la certificazione è largamente riconosciuta a livello internazionale, quindi darebbe maggior prestigio al nostro curriculum.
A tutti un in bocca al lupo per l'esame!
UNIT 9 SALES OF GOODS
The sale of goods entails a broad area of the law which is largely governed by legislation. Where an aspect of the law is not regulated by legislation, it is governed by the common law by general principles of law in non-common jurisdictions.
The applicable legislation sets forth the nature of what is involved in the sale of goods. Naturally, this includes definitions of what constitutes a sale and goods 1(US good can be used in singular in US British). A sale entails the transfer of title in a good from the seller to the buyer. Goods can be defined broadly as some type of tangible chattel. Application of the legislation depends upon: the type of sale; whether the seller is a merchant or not; and, if the seller is a merchant, whether he is trading in the course of his usual business.
The aspects of sale of goods governed by legislation include such things as contract formation, price, passage of title, warranties of title, implied warranties, express warranties, disclaimers warranties, remedies for breach of warranty, delivery and acceptance of goods, and the passing of risk. The principal relevant legislation in the UK is the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (including its amendments).
Contract formation in this context includes the requirements applied to contracts in general with some added details such as agreements implied by conduct of the parties. The price to be paid for the goods is usually set forth in the agreement, but in some instances relevant legislation will determine the price if this term is left out. At the very least, the buyer is generally required to pay a reasonable price. Contractual provisions concerning the transfer of title dictate when good title is transferred, for example between a person who has possession but not title to a third-party buyer.
Generally, good title cannot be transferred to a third party from a person not authorized to do so by the holder of title. Naturally, aspects of good faith and apparent authority come into play in this context.
Different warranties play a major role in the sale of goods. Implied warranties are such warranties which do not need to be expressed but which the law implies. Some of these types of warranties would include warranties of title, fitness for a particular purpose and quality or merchantability. Many times the application of the latter two types of warranty depends upon the type of sale (for example sales by sample) and whether the seller is a merchant acting in the course of business. Express warranties are warranties which are specifically stated either in writing or orally, as the case may be. Under many statutory provisions, an express warranty cannot negate an implied warranty of the relevant legislation. A common feature of legislation governing the sale of goods is to restrict the ability to limit liability through exclusions or disclaimers in the contract.
Another general aspect of this type of legislation is to regulate performance between the parties. Aspects covered in this area would include delivery and acceptance, inspection by the buyer, the buyer’s right to refuse acceptance and return of goods.
An international convention which should be particularly mentioned in this context is the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Act (CISG). The Convention sets forth rules that govern contracts for the international sale of goods and takes into consideration different social, economic, and legal systems to remove legal barriers and foster the development of international trade.
UNIT 10 REAL PROPERTY LAW
1. English-speaking jurisdictions generally distinguish between real property and personal property. Real property is a general term for land, tenements and hereditaments. On the other hand, personal property refers to everything which does not fall under the heading of real property. This brief summary addresses key terms in relation to real property.
2. Real property can be divided into freehold estates and leaseholds. Freehold estates are those whose duration is not determined. By contrast, the duration of a leasehold is fixed or capable of being fixed. Essentially, there are four types of freehold estate: the fee simple, the fee tail, the life estate and the estate pur autre vie.
3. As its name suggests, a fee simple refers to a whole interest in a piece of real property and may pass through sale, inheritance or reversion, i.e. when the owner dies and there are no persons alive who have the right of inheritance, the property reverts to the State. Reversion is also referred to as an escheat. A fee tail is an inheritable estate which lasts as long as the original grantee or any of his descendants live. A life estate is an estate granted only for the life of the grantee. When the life tenant dies, the remaindermen take possession, or the land reverts (see above). An estate pur autre vie is similar to a life state, except that the estate is granted for the life of someone other than the grantee.
4. A leasehold is generally created through what is referred to as a lease, which is a contract for exclusive possession, generally for a term of years, usually for a specified rent or compensation. A leasehold should not be confused with a licence. The crucial test for determining whether a lease or a licence has been created is whether there is exclusive possession. If there is no exclusive possession, there is no leasehold. A good simple of this is where the property remains in the control of the grantor, such as in the case of a hotel room or dormitory.
5. Generally speaking, the Statute of Frauds requires that agreements regarding the sale of or interests in land must be in writing to be enforceable. In respect of leases, the Statute of Frauds for a particular jurisdiction will specify that leases for more than a certain number of years must be in writing to be enforceable, e.g. three years in England. For land sales, the Statute of Frauds requires a formal writing.
6. There are numerous other areas of real property law which commercial lawyers deal with on a day-to-day basis. Real property law includes such things as easements, usufructs, mortgage and other financing measures.
Buongiorno.
La frequenza al corso di inglese legale è stata necessaria, efficace ed utile per la comprensione della materia.
Spero che la certificazione TOLES sia presto attivata in facoltà.
Grazie anche ai lavori pubblicati dalla docente attraverso il blog, che hanno permesso di confrontare lo studio personale, di poter verificare le lezioni svolte,per coloro che magari lavorano, grazie anche a coloro che hanno partecipato attraveso le traduzioni.
Saluti.
Posta un commento