Laboratorio
Studenti lavorano sul consolidamento di tutte le unit - Si discutono le risposte sul gruppo di facebook
Per ogni esercizio gli studenti sono pregati di avviare un nuovo post
Appuntamento previsto per lunedi 4 a partire dalle ore 8:00
giovedì 31 maggio 2018
Lesson 11_2018
Dal text book
Esercizi di consolidamento Unit 1 - Unit 10 da completare - Gli studenti possono postare le loro risposte sul gruppo di facebook. In questo caso occorre tuttavia utilizzare il copia e incolla di tutto l'esercizio e inserire le risposte nel commento .. in modo tale che anche altri possano intervenire..
Sample exam Paper da stampare e completare - Questo è un esempio tipico del tipo di esame che verrà somministrato.
giovedì 24 maggio 2018
Lesson_10_2018
Rules for the protection of personal data inside and outside the EU.
How businesses are being affected
Revision Reading 4 (Unit 9)
How to read a decision of the Supreme Court
How cases are referenced:
Unit 10 - Reading 1 Comparative Law pp 106-107 ex 1-3
List of legal systems
• Civil Law
• Common Law
• Religious Law (Muslim Law, Hindu Law, Jewish Law)
• Chinese Law
• Socialist Law
Some video lessons on the difference between common law and civil law
- cer•ti•o•ra•ri n. [Law.]
Law a writ issuing from a superior court calling up the record of a proceeding in an inferior court for review. Also called writ of certiorari.
Etymology: 15th Century: from legal Latin: to be informed
- Microsoft CORP. v. AT&T CORP
- to file an infringement suit
- to charge Microsoft with liability for
- to be liable under s.271(f)
- to be entitled to
- damages for breaches of its patent
- to be liable for sth
- the court's hearing
- exception to the general rule
- the reasoning behind
- under what circumstances
- in Common Law: by name "Dononghue vs Stevenson"
- in Civil Law: by number "Decision n. 2014-446 QPC du 20 Janvier 2015"
Unit 10 - Reading 1 Comparative Law pp 106-107 ex 1-3
List of legal systems
• Civil Law
• Common Law
• Religious Law (Muslim Law, Hindu Law, Jewish Law)
• Chinese Law
• Socialist Law
Some video lessons on the difference between common law and civil law
- Common law vs civil law_1
- Common law vs civil law_2
- Common law vs civil law_3
- Legal Systems - Adversarial Vs. Inquisitorial
Reading 2 pp107-108 ex 4-6
Self Study
Reading 3 Asset protection pp 112-113 ex 25-28
Text analysis: Discourse markers for text cohesion pag 112 ex 28
Self Study
Reading 3 Asset protection pp 112-113 ex 25-28
Text analysis: Discourse markers for text cohesion pag 112 ex 28
giovedì 17 maggio 2018
Lesson_9_2018
International Law
Videos:
- Introduction to International Law [fantastic series of lessons about International law]
- Source of International Law
Reading 1: International Law pp 94-96 ex 2-5
Reading 2 ex 7-9
Reading 2 ex 7-9
newsworthy reports:
- what's the point of having an International Law
- the need for successful lawyers to study international law
- Can International law meet the challenges of today's lawless conflicts
- international law requires marriage equality
Prepositions:
- Parties to a treaty
- ....the treaty is in force
- ....a signatory to a convention
- Under the Convention on the Rights of the Child
- ...are entitled to special protection
- International laws apply to the citizens
- ...regulations are binding on Partner States
Intergovernmental organizations
No significant differences:
Conventions – Vienna Convention
- agreemments
- charters
- framework conventions deal with very broad areas
United Nations
- UNited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- United Nation Charter
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- The World Health Organization
- The World Intellectual Property Organization
Listening 9.1
Text analysis audio transcript 9.1 pag 136
Collocations - phrasal verbs - idiomatic expressions - collocations
List of legal systems
• Civil Law
• Common Law
• Religious Law (Muslim Law, Hindu Law, Jewish Law)
• Chinese Law
• Socialist Law
Language focus: page 105 ex 1-3
Collocations - phrasal verbs - idiomatic expressions - collocations
- to have a considerable impact on (sth/so)
- to have a considerable impact in (place)
- to be seen in the context of
- a growing concern
- to rely on
- to accuse someone over/of sth
- to go up to
- to call in
- to have right to ..
- the right of someone to ....
- to take actions against ..
- social dumping
- wage dumping
- collective bargaining
- fair working conditions
- regardless of ...
Self study
• Civil Law
• Common Law
• Religious Law (Muslim Law, Hindu Law, Jewish Law)
• Chinese Law
• Socialist Law
Reading 3 pp 100 ex 17-20
mercoledì 16 maggio 2018
Lesson_8_2018
Reading 1 Litigation and Arbitration pp 83-84 ex 2,3
Focus on language: How do you say that … in Italian?
Reading 2 letter of invitation pp 85-86 ex 7 - ref to ELSA (European Law Students' association
Focus on language: How do you say that … in Italian?
- Disputing parties
- Litigation
- Settlement
- Hearing
- Pleading: formal statement served by each party to a lawsuit to one another, and containing their respective positions (allegations, claims, defences, denies)
- Out –of-court settlement
- Binding decision
- Legal fees
- To settle a dispute
- To reach a settlement
- To enforce/deliver judgment
- To save money on
- To threaten to sue
- To face court proceedings/litigation costs
- To deny accusations
- To pursue a claim
- In connection with
Examples of disputes:• Dispute over people's behaviour may involve conflict between neighbours over anti-social behaviour (loud parties or verbal abuse)
• Business disputes can involve different interpretation of the terms of a contract, or questions over whether a contract has been breached, and what remedies/damages are appropriate.
• Planning disputes include situations where, for example, a property owner plans to construct a new building, or improve an existing building. (ie planning permissions)
• Environmental disputes include disputes over resources and questions over who has the right to exploit those resources, and at what cost to the environment.
• Business disputes can involve different interpretation of the terms of a contract, or questions over whether a contract has been breached, and what remedies/damages are appropriate.
• Planning disputes include situations where, for example, a property owner plans to construct a new building, or improve an existing building. (ie planning permissions)
• Environmental disputes include disputes over resources and questions over who has the right to exploit those resources, and at what cost to the environment.
ADR: Alternative Dispute Resolution:
- negotiation: participation is voluntary and there is no third party who facilitates the resolution process or imposes a resolution
- arbitration:participation is typically voluntary, and there is a third party who, as a private judge, imposes a resolution. Arbitrations often occur because parties to contracts agree that any future dispute concerning the agreement will be resolved by arbitration.
- mediation:there is a third party, a mediator, who facilitates the resolution process (and may even suggest a resolution, typically known as a "mediator's proposal"), but does not impose a resolution on the parties
Reading 2 letter of invitation pp 85-86 ex 7 - ref to ELSA (European Law Students' association
Grammar Practice:
Reading 3 Avoiding litigation page 88 ex 14-16
Reading 4 Cost of litigation page 89 ex 18-21
Reading 4 Cost of litigation page 89 ex 18-21
Reading 5 Letter before action pp 89-91 ex 22-28
adverb-adjective
- strictly private and confidential
- fully entitled
- shortly forthcoming
adverb-verb
- strenuously denies
- recently informed
adjective-noun
- confidential information
- previous criticism
- a positive asset
- a substantial increase
- constructive dismissal (licenziamento senza giusta causa)
- excellent prospects
- exemplary damages
- alternative means
- satisfactory proposals
Self Study
Listening 1 Question and answer session
pag 87 ex 10-12 peanut kernel case
Listening 2 Lawyer-client interview pp 91-91 ex 29-32
Language Focus page 93
Language Focus page 93
giovedì 3 maggio 2018
Lesson_7_2018
Revision vocabulary
to secure a payment
to enforce law
to grant an indemnity
Unit 7: Real property law
pp. 72-73 ex 1-3 Instruments and people in real property law
Act of conveyance: (atto di cessione) transfer of title in land from one person to another
Goods and chattels: beni ed effetti
title interest: diritto nel titolo, interest in the real property
Lease/let/rent vb. They are used interchangeably – More common:
To lease/let property to somebody and rent property from somebody
Lease= n. the agreement
Rent= n. the money to be paid
inheritable = passed on to heirs
References
Buy to let investment
Real Estate in Italypros & cons of leasehold
Statute of frauds
The statute of frauds del 1677 fu la prima legge nel sistema inglese a prevedere la forma scritta ad probationem, ossia la possibilità di far valere in giudizio un contratto che è e rimane valido di per sé. Successivamente il Law of Property Act 1925 ritenne obbligatoria la forma scritta ad probationem solo per i contratti aventi per oggetto la proprietà o altri diritti reali su beni terrieri e il Law Reform (Enforcement of Contracts) Act 1954 stabilì che detta forma fosse da ritenersi necessaria per i contratti di garanzia.[read more..]Traditionally, the statute of frauds requires a writing signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought in the following circumstances:
• Contracts in consideration of marriage.
• Contracts which cannot be performed within one year.
• Contracts for the transfer of an interest in land. Contracts by the executor of a will to pay a debt of the estate with their own money.
• Contracts for the sale of goods above a certain value.
• Contracts in which one party becomes a surety (garanzia acts as guarantor) for another party's debt or other obligation.
Law students often remember these circumstances by the mnemonic "MYLEGS" (marriage, year, land, executor, goods, surety). It is important to note that in the United States, each State; in Canada, each province; and in Australia each State has its own variation on the statute of frauds, which may differ significantly from the traditional list.
Self Study
- to advise a client ___ a matter
- a breach __ contract
- Commercial law is governed ___ international treaties
- An agent works ____ behalf ____ a principal
- to apply ____ an internship
- a contract comes _____force
to secure a payment
to enforce law
to grant an indemnity
Unit 7: Real property law
pp. 72-73 ex 1-3 Instruments and people in real property law
- lease= (contratto di locazione) o meglio diritto di godere di un immobile per un certo tempo.
- licence = licenza d'uso
- deed = atto (notarile)
- tenant
- landlord
- heir
- grantor = concessore
- grantee = beneficiario
- licencee
- Language use: Forming adjectives with negative prefixes pag. 74 ex 5,6
- Key terms 2: Buying real property ex 16
Language notes:
I termini "freehold" e “leasehold” sono entrambi termini di matrice feudale, che rappresentano due sistemi tipici per possedere una proprietà in UK .
Il primo possiamo renderlo con “proprietà fondiaria assoluta/libera” Chi acquista una “freehold” proprietà diventa “freeholder” e acquisisce il massimo dei poteri possibili su quell’immobile e senza alcun limite di tempo;
Rientrano nell'istituto di freehold:
• Fee simple = diritto assoluto sulla proprietà
• fee tail = Il beneficiario ha un diritto limitato in quanto non può vendere il bene ma solo tramandarlo ai suoi eredi; la proprietà ha un vincolo inalienabile
• life estate = il bene è di proprietà del beneficiario solo per la durata della sua vita
• Estate pur (pour) autre vie = simile al life estate ma il bene è di proprietà del beneficiario per la durata della vita di una terza persona. For example, if Bob is given use of the family house for as long as his mother lives, he has possession of the house pur autre vie
Leasehold, pur traducendosi con proprietà in affitto, si riferisce alla locazione del suolo. Il termine fa riferimento ad un rapporto giuridico in base al quale un soggetto detto lessor(locatore) conferisce al lessee (locatario) un diritto esclusivo di proprietà sull’immobile per un periodo di tempo determinato, di solito per una consideration detta ground rent . Deve essere sottolineato che il lease si differenzia profondamente dalla locazione così come intesa nei sistemi civilistici, soprattutto per il fatto che il titolare del lease è titolare di un diritto di natura reale sull’immobile, dove invece il locatario dei sistemi di civil law può vantare soltanto un diritto di credito nei confronti del locatore. Quando si acquista una proprietà con leasehold bisogna prestare attenzione alle covenants, ossia le obbligazioni alle quali il lessee è tenuto ad osservare, la cui presenza rappresenta una delle particolarità più difficile da accettare per chi è abituato al sistema civilistico. - Dal Il sole 24 ore "A Londra la proprietà è del re"
- From the Telegraph "How much of the UK does the Queen own?"
Act of conveyance: (atto di cessione) transfer of title in land from one person to another
Goods and chattels: beni ed effetti
title interest: diritto nel titolo, interest in the real property
Lease/let/rent vb. They are used interchangeably – More common:
To lease/let property to somebody and rent property from somebody
Lease= n. the agreement
Rent= n. the money to be paid
inheritable = passed on to heirs
References
Buy to let investment
Real Estate in Italypros & cons of leasehold
Statute of frauds
The statute of frauds del 1677 fu la prima legge nel sistema inglese a prevedere la forma scritta ad probationem, ossia la possibilità di far valere in giudizio un contratto che è e rimane valido di per sé. Successivamente il Law of Property Act 1925 ritenne obbligatoria la forma scritta ad probationem solo per i contratti aventi per oggetto la proprietà o altri diritti reali su beni terrieri e il Law Reform (Enforcement of Contracts) Act 1954 stabilì che detta forma fosse da ritenersi necessaria per i contratti di garanzia.[read more..]Traditionally, the statute of frauds requires a writing signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought in the following circumstances:
• Contracts in consideration of marriage.
• Contracts which cannot be performed within one year.
• Contracts for the transfer of an interest in land. Contracts by the executor of a will to pay a debt of the estate with their own money.
• Contracts for the sale of goods above a certain value.
• Contracts in which one party becomes a surety (garanzia acts as guarantor) for another party's debt or other obligation.
Law students often remember these circumstances by the mnemonic "MYLEGS" (marriage, year, land, executor, goods, surety). It is important to note that in the United States, each State; in Canada, each province; and in Australia each State has its own variation on the statute of frauds, which may differ significantly from the traditional list.
Self Study
- Key terms: pp 77-79 ex 16-23
- Preparare un glossario specifico per "real property law" ex: escrow (account/agreement) = deposito in garanzia
- Listening 2 page 78 ex 19-23
giovedì 26 aprile 2018
Lesson_6_2018
Language revision: Company law
- limited liability
- sole propriator
- third party
- constitutional documents
- corporate funding
- public listed company
- not personally liable for
- debts and liabilities
- double taxation
- enjoy many advantages
- benefits and drawbacks
- advise on the best form your business should take
The Companies Act 2006 is an act of parliament that currently serves as the primary source of company law in the UK. This particular act has the distinction of being the longest in the history of British Parliament, containing 1,300 sections that span over 700 pages, with a list of contents that is 59 pages long. The act also contained 16 schedules, but those have since been superseded by the Corporation Tax Act of 2009.
The provisions of the act were implemented gradually in stages, with the final provision being put into force on October 2009. Changes were made to almost every aspect of UK company law, but the following are the key components of the act:
- Introduced new provisions for public and private companies
- Implemented the European Union’s Transparency Obligations and Takeover Directives
- Codified numerous existing common law principles, including those related to directors’ duties
- Amended or restated almost all aspects of the Companies Act 1985
- Applied a single unified company law regime for the entire UK, replacing the previously used
- Separate systems for Northern Ireland and Great Britain
Commercial law covers a very wide body of law which includes:
- contract law,
- company law,
- tax law,
- intellectual property law.
Reading 1_commercial law pp. 60-61 - ex 2-4
Language Use: Adverb functions pp 62-63 ex 7-8
Bodies of Law that govern Trade and Commerce
• Istituto Commerciale Commercio Estero (ICE)
• Chamber of Commerce in Italy
• Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
• World Trade Organization (WTO) + video (WTO)
Listening 1: Profile of a commercial lawyer page 62 ex 5-6
Text Analysis: Letter of application for an internship pp 63-64 ex 11-13
Reading 2- 3 - 4 -
Reading_3 Role of Commercial agents
Self study
- commercial agency agreement
- Reading_4 Commercial agency contract
- Language Focus page 71
giovedì 19 aprile 2018
Lesson_5_2018
Language Focus: prepositions
to be arrested ___
to be accused ___
to bring an action ___
to be convicted ____
to be sentenced ___
to have an effect ___
to have an impact ___
to be put ___ probation
to serve ___ the bench
to serve ___ the governing board of a corporation
to comply ____ the law
____compliance _____
to be arrested ___
to be accused ___
to bring an action ___
to be convicted ____
to be sentenced ___
to have an effect ___
to have an impact ___
to be put ___ probation
to serve ___ the bench
to serve ___ the governing board of a corporation
to comply ____ the law
____compliance _____
Introduction to Company law
- Reading 1 pp 50-51 ex 1-3
Partnership
Limited partnership with shares= società in accomandita per azioni
Limited Partnership = società in accomandita semplice
General Partnerhip = Società in nome collettivo
Società di Capitali= Società di Capitali
Limited by Shares (plc + Ltd)
Public Company Limited by Shares (plc) = Società per azioni
Private Company Limited by Shares (Ltd) = Società a responsabilità limitata.
Setting up a company in the UK - how easy/difficult is it?
It's quite difficult to find a clear correspondence with the Italian companies especially with srl ones.
Le quote della nostra srl non sono definibili shares ma quota(s), il titolare di quote sarà definito quotaholder. In riferimento al capitale della società non potrò parlare di share capital ma di corporate capital.
The situation improves when it comes to plc (or Ltd) : Il capitale sociale è definito share capital (oppure, con terminologia americana, capital stock), i soci azionisti sono shareholders (o, sempre nella versione U.S.,stockholders) e così i principali organi sociali, quali il consiglio di amministrazione – board of directors – e l’assemblea degli azionisti – shareholders’ meeting.
- board/panel of internal auditors/statutory auditors = sort of Collegio Sindacale
- managing director or C.E.O. (Chief Executive Officer) = amministratore delegato
- incorporation process:
- ’atto costitutivo – memorandum of association/articles of incorporation
- lo statuto – articles of association/bylaws
- iscrizione al registro delle imprese locale – registration
Last but not least....
procedure concorsuali – insolvency proceedings
tassa societaria - corporation tax
That means, when in Italian we refer to a private limited company o private company limited by shares (Ltd.) we have to talk about:+
- shares - quote sociali o di partecipazione
- shareholders - soci
- share capital - capitale sociale
mentre parlare di azioni, azionisti o capitale azionario riferendosi ad una Ltd. sarebbe un errore, per i motivi sopra esposti.
- shareholders - soci
- share capital - capitale sociale
mentre parlare di azioni, azionisti o capitale azionario riferendosi ad una Ltd. sarebbe un errore, per i motivi sopra esposti.
On the other hand, when we in Italian want to refer to a public company (Plc.) we have to talk about:
- shares - azioni,
- shareholders - azionisti e
- share capital - capitale azionario.
- shareholders - azionisti e
- share capital - capitale azionario.
Company act 2006 è una completa codificazione della legge sulle società in Inghilterra e Galles
- Reading_3: Breach of Companies Act 2006 pp54-55 ex 12-15
- Key terms_2: Public relations page 56 ex 20
- Text analysis: Reading a statute page 57 ex 21-23
Self Study
- Listening 1 + Listening 2 highly suggested
- Language Focus pag 59 ex 1-3
- Listening 2 Ref section 172 Company Act 2006
Extra exercises_company law page 328 ex 2; page 330 ex 2; pp 333-334 ex 1,2;page 337 ex 1; pp 339-341 ex 1, 2 Toles foundation practice page 345 ex 1, 2
EXTRA: If you like to investigate more the area of company law
A Review of Italian and UK. Company Law. A joint study by. Consiglio Nazionale dei Dottori Commercialisti e degli Esperti Contabili.
A Review of Italian and UK. Company Law. A joint study by. Consiglio Nazionale dei Dottori Commercialisti e degli Esperti Contabili.
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