Revision Unit 1 A career in Law
Language from reading 1
- Adverb+adjective: intellectually stimulating
- Verb+preposition: to lead to something; to decide on something; to get involved with something
- Preposition+noun: in addition (to)
- Verb+noun: to take a course/subject;to run a partnership; to offer a course; to offer assistance; to hire new recruits
- Verb+verb: to go on to become something
- Adjective+noun: future career; local community; day-to-day work; a good command (of English)
- Noun+noun: work experience
Language from Reading 2:
From contract law: formation, interpretation, performance and enforcement of contracts, offer and acceptance, consideration.
From Tort Law: liability for intentional and negligently caused injures to person and property; strict liability; vicarious liability; ultra-hazardous activities; products liability; nuisance; invasion of privacy; defamation; damages; losses.
From Ciminal Law: crime against persons, property and public administration; the law of homicide
From Evidence: relevancy, hearsay, impeachment, cross-examination.
From Criminal Procedure: regulation of law enforcement, investigation of crimes, search and seizure, electronic surveillance, entrapment,
From Constitutional Law: judicial function, distribution under the constitution, immunities under the constitution.
From legal research & writing: to acquaint students with …; analyze judicial opinions; legal citation; techniques of writing memoranda and briefs.
Language:
What to study - core (compulsory) subjects and optional subjects:
- criminal law, contract law, land law, equity and trusts, administrative law and constitutional law, family law, employment law and housing law,company law, commercial law, litigation and arbitration.
Where to work:
- Partnership [general partnership (società in nome collettivo) limited partnership (società in accomandita)]
- Large law practice/firm
- Commercial practice
- Sole practitioner
- Law clinic
Collocations:
Legal writing, legal research, legal practice, legal assistance, legal community,
Law degree programme, law student, law practice, law clinic, law firm
Awkward words
Vocabulary Revision
- performance and enforcement of contracts
- offer - acceptance - consideration
- breach of contract
- liability
- strict liability (responsabilità oggettiva: it is the legal responsibility of a company for damage or injury caused by its products or services, even though it did not intend to cause the damage or injury: The Consumer Protection Act imposes strict liability for a defective product on the producer.
- vicariuos liability ( responsabilità indiretta: refers to a situation where someone is held responsible for the actions or omissions of another person. In a workplace context, an employer can be liable for the acts or omissions of its employees, provided it can be shown that they took place in the course of their employment.)
- nuisance
- evidence
- hearsay
- law enforcement
- under the constitution
- damages vs damage
damage: means “loss or injury to a person or property”. It is an uncountable singular noun and has no plural form.
E.g.: The cost of the damage to the US caused by Hurricane Ike was estimated at USD 18 billion.
Other words you could use instead of damage: loss, injury
Damages means “money claimed by, or ordered to be paid to, a person as compensation for loss or injury”. It is an uncountable plural noun and has no singular form.
E.g.: The Claimant wishes to sue Acme for damages as a result of a loss sustained by the Claimant after Acme’s failure to perform its obligations.
Other words you could use instead of damages: compensation, satisfaction
consideration (nella common law si tratta di un interesse, un vantaggio, un beneficio ricevuto da una parte; ovvero un sacrificio, una perdita concessa, subita o sopportata dall'altra parte.)From "English for Law" Cornerlsen: Contract Law Consideration
- counter offer
- essential terms
- assignor (who transfers sth - cedente) vs assignee (who is entrusted with sth cessionario/assegnatario)
- specific performance
- breaching party vs non-breaching party/injured party
- binding contract vs non-binding
Collocations
- An offer
Accept, make, reject, withdraw, increase, submit, receive, consider
- A contract
Breach/form/negotiate/perform/draw up/draft/sign a contract
- Damages
Accept/award/claim/win/receive/seek/pay damages
- A lawsuit
File/bring (fare causa)/launch (avviare)/persue/win/lose
What actions do they carry out
A party
Breaches a contract/performs a contract
The parties
Negotiate an offer/negotiate a contract/form a contract
The court
Enforces a contract/awards damages
A lawyer
Files a lawsuit/negotiates an offer/negotiates a contract/accepts an offer
Focus on: enforce/enforceable (esecutivo)
To enforce: verbo transitivo
1. (impose) imporre [rule, silence, discipline];
fare rispettare, applicare [law, court order];
fare valere [legal rights];
esigere [payment];
fare rispettare [contract]
Enforceable (esempio)
2. For that reason, the parties consent that such covenants shall be enforceable in a court of equity by temporary or permanent injunction, restraining order or a decree of specific performance. The remedies provided above shall be cumulative and not exclusive and are in addition to any other remedies, which either party may have under this Agreement or applicable law.
Per tale motivo, le parti acconsentono/convengono che tali clausole debbano essere fatte valere in una corte di equità con ingiunzione (esecutiva) permanente o temporanea, ordine restrittivo o atto specifico. Le azioni (giudiziarie) elencate sopra devono essere cumulative e non esclusive e si intendono in aggiunta alle azioni che una delle due parti può esperire in base al presente accordo(ovvero) applicabili per legge.
Self Study
- Reading 2 p. 20 ex 9-10
- Listening 2 p. 21 ex 19-20
- Reading 3 p. 22 ex 22-24
- Modal verbs
- Focus on language page 27
