Lesson_8

Revision from Self Study homework:

Setting up a company in the UK - how easy/difficult is it?
Company act 2006 è una completa codificazione della legge sulle società in Inghilterra e Galles 

• Reading_3: Breach of Companies Act 2006 pp54-55 ex 12-15

• Key terms_2: Public relations page 56 ex 20

• Text analysis: Reading a statute page 57 ex 21-23

Listening 1 + Listening 2 suggested only
Language Focus pag 59 ex 1-3

EXTRA: If you like to investigate more the area of company law
A Review of Italian and UK. Company Law.  A joint study by. Consiglio Nazionale dei Dottori Commercialisti e degli Esperti Contabili.

Self-Study

•  Listening 2  Ref section 172 Company Act 2006

• Phrasal verbs

Extra exercises_company law  page 328 ex 2; page 330 ex 2; pp 333-334 ex 1,2;page 337 ex 1; pp 339-341 ex 1, 2 Toles foundation practice page 345 ex 1, 2

EXTRA: If you like to investigate more the area of company law
A Review of Italian and UK. Company Law.  A joint study by. Consiglio Nazionale dei Dottori Commercialisti e degli Esperti Contabili.

Lesson_7

Key terms_1: punishments

Reading 2: White-collar crime: insider dealing and market abuse pp 43-44 ex ex 19-21

Key terms_2: identity theft

Listening activities sugggested only
Language use_3: giving advice and expressing obligations page 47 ex 31-32
Language focus page 49 ex 1-3


Self-study

Introduction to Company law

• Reading 1 pp 50-51 ex 1-3

Partnership 

Limited partnership with shares= società in accomandita per azioni

Limited Partnership = società in accomandita semplice

General Partnerhip = Società in nome collettivo

Società di Capitali= Società di Capitali
Limited by Shares (plc + Ltd)
Public Company Limited by Shares (plc) = Società per azioni

Private Company Limited by Shares (Ltd) = Società a responsabilità limitata.

Setting up a company in the UK - how easy/difficult is it?

It's quite difficult to find a clear correspondence with the Italian companies especially with srl ones.

Le quote della nostra srl non sono definibili shares ma quota(s), il titolare di quote sarà definito quotaholder. In riferimento al capitale della società non potrò parlare di share capital ma di corporate capital.

The situation improves when it comes sot plc (or Ltd) : Il capitale sociale è definito share capital (oppure, con terminologia americana, capital stock), i soci azionisti sono shareholders (o, sempre nella versione U.S.,stockholders) e così i principali organi sociali, quali il consiglio di amministrazione – board of directors – e l’assemblea degli azionisti – shareholders’ meeting.

- board/panel of internal auditors/statutory auditors  = sort of Collegio Sindacale  

-  managing director or C.E.O. (Chief Executive Officer) = amministratore delegato

-  incorporation process: 

• ’atto costitutivo – memorandum of association/articles of incorporation 
• lo statuto – articles of association/bylaws 
• iscrizione al registro delle imprese locale – registration

Last but not least.... 

procedure concorsuali – insolvency proceedings 

una tassa societaria - corporation tax

That means, when in Italian we refer to a private limited company o  private company limited by shares (Ltd.) we have to talk about:+

- shares - quote sociali o di partecipazione
- shareholders - soci 
- share capital - capitale sociale
mentre parlare di azioni, azionisti o capitale azionario riferendosi ad una Ltd. sarebbe un errore, per i motivi sopra esposti.

On the other hand, when we in Italian want to refer to a  public company (Plc.) we have to talk about:
- shares - azioni,
- shareholders - azionisti e
- share capital - capitale azionario.

Lesson_6

Criminal Law

Reading 1 pp 39-40 ex 3-5 Match the definition with the crimes

1.      armed robbery	a  killing somebody through an act or omission
2.        arson	b  deceiving somebody out of money or property
3.      assault	c  creating a false document
4.      battery	d  using a weapon to take money or property by force or direct threat of violence
5.      bribery	e  violence or abuse against a member of the offender's own household (e.g. wife/husband and children)
6.      burglary	f  intentionally burning a building
7.      domestic violence	g  buying and selling illegal narcotics
8.      drug trafficking	h  operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol
9.      drunk driving	i  entering a building with intent to commit a crime
10.  embezzlement	j  striking a person with intent to harm
11.  extortion	k  attempting to physically attack a person.
12.  forgery	l  giving money etc. to influence a public official
13.  fraud	m  stealing from an employer
14.  homicide	n  obtaining money or property through indirect threats or intimidation

From the Guardian: South African woman guilty of abducting baby she raised for 17  years

From the BBC Pistorious sentence

Grammar: Passive constructions

Key terms_1: punishments

Self Study:

Listening 1 - 4 strongly suggested 

Reading 2 White-collar crime page 43-44 ex ex 19-21

Law in Practice
Language Use 3: giving advice
Language Focus

Lesson_5

How to read  case notes: Reading 2 ex 10-11

Frivoulous lawsuit: Audio 3.1

Focus on language:
to find for
to find against
to affirm
to  reverse
to appeal
loss or harm suffered
deter s.o. from doing sth
types of loss: damage to property, loss of earnings capacity, pain and suffering, reasonable medical expenses.
the proximate cause
wilful harm
to settle out of court

Word formation
Noun                       Adjectives
negligence
liability
intention
compensation
procedure
reason
appeal  

Noun                                Verbs

misprepresentation

interference

settlement

injury

suit

award

ruling

Homework

Criminal Law - Introduction

Vocabulary pag 39 ex 1 (tradurre in italiano e pubblicare sul blog )

The Central Criminal Court in the Uk "The old Bailey"

Reading 1 pp 39-40 ex 2-6

Lesson_4

Unit 3: Tort Law  Reading 1_ pp28-29 ex 1-5; 

From Tort Law

•civil wrong
•contractual relations
•injured party
•fraudulent misrepresentation
•medical expenses
•monetary damages

Terminology: Explain these terms in your own words. Use expressions such as: this is the word for../This is the person who …/This is what you do when ..

• damages vs damage
• assignor vs assignee
• the non-braching party vs the breaching party
• spcific performance
• restitution
• the injured party 
• remedy

Damages: risarcimento danni, indennizzo, risarcimento

Different types of damages:

• substantial damages
• punitive (or exemplary) damages
• liquidated damages

Self Study: Consolidate your "legal English" through news articles Look up on the Guardian or the BBC news  to find news articles dealing with:
- Punitive damages / Exemplary damages 
- Nominal damages 
- Substantial damages 

Nel vs articolo estrapolate parole chiavi legate all'area giuridica e pubblicate il lavoro
Enjoy it!
Take this article as an example "nominal damages of £1" What could we learn from reading it?

Lesson 3

Introduction to Contract Law: Key language

consideration (nella common law si tratta di un interesse, un vantaggio, un beneficio ricevuto da una parte; ovvero un sacrificio, una perdita concessa, subita o sopportata dall'altra parte.)
From "English for Law"  Cornerlsen: Contract Law Consideration
counter offer
essential terms
assignor (who transfers sth - cedente)  vs assignee (who is entrusted with sth cessionario/assegnatario)
specific performance
breaching party
injured party
Collocations
- An offer
Accept, make, reject, withdraw, increase, submit, receive, consider
- A contract
Breach/form/negotiate/perform/draw up/draft/sign a contract
- DamagesAccept/award/claim/win/receive/seek/pay damages
- A lawsuit
File/bring (fare causa)/launch (avviare)/persue/win/lose

What actions do they carry out
A party
Breaches a contract/performs a contract
The parties
Negotiate an offer/negotiate a contract/form a contract
The court
Enforces a contract/awards damages
A lawyer
Files a lawsuit/negotiates an offer/negotiates a contract/accepts an offer

Focus on: enforce/enforceable (esecutivo)
To enforce: verbo transitivo
1. (impose) imporre [rule, silence, discipline];
fare rispettare, applicare [law, court order];
fare valere [legal rights];
esigere [payment];
fare rispettare [contract]
Enforceable (esempio) 

2. For that reason, the parties consent that such covenants shall be enforceable in a court of equity by temporary or permanent injunction, restraining order or a decree of specific performance. The remedies provided above shall be cumulative and not exclusive and are in addition to any other remedies, which either party may have under this Agreement or applicable law.

Per tale motivo, le parti acconsentono/convengono che tali clausole debbano essere fatte valere in una corte di equità con ingiunzione (esecutiva) permanente o temporanea, ordine restrittivo o atto specifico. Le azioni (giudiziarie) elencate sopra devono essere cumulative e non esclusive e si intendono in aggiunta alle azioni che una delle due parti può esperire in base al presente accordo(ovvero) applicabili per legge.

Homework
• Reading 2 p. 20 ex 9-10
Listening 2 p. 21 ex 19-20
• Reading 3 p. 22 ex 22-24
• Modal verbs 

Focus on lesson 2

Language:

What to study - core (compulsory) subjects and optional subjects:

• criminal law, contract law, land law, equity and trusts, administrative law and constitutional law, family law, employment law and housing law,company law, commercial law, litigation and arbitration.

Where to work:

• Partnership
• Large law practice/firm
• Commercial practice
• Sole practitioner
• Law clinic

Collocations:

Legal writing, legal research, legal practice, legal assistance, legal community,

Law degree programme, law student, law practice, law clinic, law firm

Awkward words

- equity and trusts = affidamento fiduciario - Leggi "L'utilizzo del trust in Italia"
- - Podcast - What is equity?  + Material accompanyng the podcast
- equity vs common law 

Language from reading 1

• Adverb+adjective: intellectually stimulating
• Verb+preposition: to lead to something; to decide on something; to get involved with something
• Preposition+noun: in addition
• Verb+noun: to take a course/subject;to run a partnership; to offer a course; to offer assistance; to hire new recruits
• Verb+verb: to go on to become something
• Adjective+noun: future career; local community; day-to-day work; a good command (of English)
• Noun+noun: work experience

Language from Reading 2:

From contract law: formation, interpretation, performance and enforcement of contracts, offer and acceptance, consideration.

From Tort Law: liability for intentional and negligently caused injures to person and property; strict liability; vicarious liability; ultra-hazardous activities; products liability; nuisance; invasion of privacy; defamation; damages; losses.

From Ciminal Law: crime against persons, property and public administration; the law of homicide

From Evidence: relevancy, hearsay, impeachment, cross-examination.

From Criminal Procedure: regulation of law enforcement, investigation of crimes, search and seizure, electronic surveillance, entrapment,

From Constitutional Law: judicial function, distribution under the constitution, immunities under the constitution.

From legal research & writing: to acquaint students with …; analyze judicial opinions; legal citation; techniques of writing memoranda and briefs.

•  Comparative
• Reading 3 Graduate Recruitment programme
• University of Nottingham - school of law 

Homework

Unit 2 Contract Law (all reading activities)

Lesson_1

Get to know my students:  Why are you studying law?? What made you choose this course of study?   You are invited to leave your answer in the comment area..


Please find below a copy of unit 1 from the textbook - You will need to study all the reading parts + exercises
Reading 1
Reading 2
Grammar: Comparative and superlative forms
Reading 3
Language Focuse

- Unit 1 (text book)

- Le caratteristiche dell'inglese legale Presentation given 

- Programma a.a. 2015-2016

Hello 2015-2016

Hello everybody!!

We should be soon ready to embark on another legal English journey! 

I hope you are hungry enough to come along and be fed! 

The course should start on 23rd February at 9:50

Textbook used during the course of study. This is also compulsory for the exam preparation:
 A. Krois-Lindner,  M. Firth  Introduction to International legal English, CUP, 2008  -

Lesson_20

Lezione tenuta sulla piattaforma di facebook 

Dal text book 

Esercizi di consolidamento Unit 1 - Unit 10  da  completare -  Gli studenti possono postare le loro risposte sul gruppo di facebook. In questo caso occorre tuttavia utilizzare il copia e incolla di tutto l'esercizio e inserire le risposte nel commento .. in modo tale che anche altri possono intervenire..

Sample exam Paper  da stampare e completare - Questo è un esempio tipico del tipo di esame che verrà somministrato.