Homework Lesson 11

Homework Lesson 11

pp. 95 Reading: Understanding contract clauses ex. 6-8

pp. 102-103 Reading Keeping informed ex. 29, 31

pp. 104-105 Language Focus ex. 1-6

Lesson 6

20/10 Lesson 6
Part 1
From ILE textbook
Discuss & Check homework
Focus on Letter of advice p. 31
Introduction to Company Capitalization Reading 1 pp. 34-35 ex. 1-3

1- Words in context:
Capitalization refers to the process of raising capital for the company.
Capital includes both money and property (or money that is needed to set up and maintain a business)

How does a company raise money?
- borrowing money (loan capital) attraverso l’emissione di debentures = obbligazioni
- selling ownership rights in the company (shares)
In entrambi i casi vi è la necessità di emettere securities (legally binding certificate) = titoli
Avremmo dunque debt securities for loans and equity securities for shares


SHARES

Ordinary shares = shareholders have voting rights, but are not guaranteed dividends
Preference shares = receive fixed dividends but normally cannot vote

The maximum amount of share capital that a company can issue, stated in the Memorandum of Association is called “the authorised share capital”; instead the amount of shares actually hold by shareholders is called “Issued share capital”.

Existing shareholders have Pre-emption rights = diritto di prelazione (right of first refusal)

2- How do lawyers fit in with the study of Company law i.e. Capitalization
- work closely with their client companies before the shares are issued, to ensure the right balance between shareholder rights and responsibilities;
- advise their clients on the legal procedures for issuing, buying or selling shares;
- draft a shareholders’ agreement ( a contract among shareholders ) and a share certificates;
- advise potential shareholders before they invest in a company;
- be called on by both sides in the event of any conflict or misunderstanding between one shareholder and another, or between shareholders and the company’s management

Part 2
From Grammar book
phrasal verbs pp. 96-97; pp.108-109
Practice: Phrasal verbs in legal English

- set up the company
- take up (accept) their pre-emption rights
- set aside the election of the board of directors

Homework Lesson 5

Homework lesson 5

Reading 4 pp. 28-29 ex 20-21

Mi aspetto dei lavori pubblicati della lesson 4 !!!

Lesson 5

17/10 Lesson 5

Part 1

Vocabulary revision

Article of association= statuto della società
Memorandum of association = atto costitutivo
Asset = disponibilità finanziaria
Public limited compagnie = società per pubblica sottoscrizione
Deed of partnership = atto costitutivo
Partnership agreement = contratto di società
Limited liability partnership = società in accomandita semplice
Debenture= obbligazione
Liability = responsabilità
Liabilities = passività (assets and liabilities)
Dividend = dividendo

Sole traders/sole proprietor: in proprio/autonomo

• One owner
• Owns the business
• Makes all the decisions
• Is responsible for all debts
• Receives all the profits
• Often lacks capital
  
  Partnership in general
  
• Up to 20 partners
  
• partners own the business
  
• partners make all the decisions
  
• partners are responsible for all debts
  
• partners share the profits
  
• partners often lack capital
  
  
  Private limited Company = società a responsabilità limitata
  
• Minimum of 2 shareholders
  
• Shareholders own the business
  
• Shareholders have limited liability
  
• Shareholders share the profits
  
• Shares are sold privately
  
• Companies must publish accounts and hold AGMs
  
• Directors are elected to run the company

Activity: Private limited companies
1. Raise capital from sale of _____________
2. ___________ liability for shareholders
3. Shareholders are not involved in the _____________ of the company
4 . ____________ sell shares to public
5. must hold an ___________
6. must ___________ accounts

Public Limited Company

• Minimum of 2 shareholders
  
• Shareholders own the business
  
• Shareholders have limited liability
  
• Shareholders share the profits
  
• Shares can be sold on the stock market
  
• Companies must publish accounts and hold AGMs
  
• Directors are elected to run the company
  
  
  - Check the reading pp. 23-24
  - Languag focus: use of shall
  - Reading pp 26-27 (ex. 16,17)
  - Practice: pag. 25 ex. 13; pp. 32-33
  

Lesson 4

13/10 Lesson 4

Part one
From ILE textbook:

Focus on the language on p.18
How to describe a lawyer’s job
Works as/in
Meets with..
Plans to …..
Carries out …..
Deals with …
Assists …..
Serves as ….
Specialises in …
Represents …..
Owns ….
Argues ….

Language notes for Listening 4 p.18

A litigator= is a lawyer who specializes in litigation (=lawsuits)
Provides advocacy for her clients= she represents them in court and in similar adversarial situations.
Copyright infringement suits (cause per violazioni di copyright)= involve any alleged illegal use of copyrighted material.
Clearances of trademarks (nulla osta dei marchi)= involve checking that planned trademarks are not already owned by another party, and are not going to result in litigation.
A retainer agreement (contratto d’ingaggio)= is a written agreement between a client and a lawyer, setting out the details of their long-term relationship.
A cartel = is a group of organizations which work together to fix prices in the industry they control. In most countries, they are illegal, as they exploit consumers and distort free trade. E.g. OPEC which tries to manipulate the international price of oil.
Attorney= avvocato, procuratore
Attorney general = Uk Procuratore Generale US Ministro della Giustizia
Foreclosure (vendita forzata di beni ipotecati) = when the property owner fails to keep up with regular mortgage repayments, the lender has the right to recover the money loaned by forcing the sale of the property.

Types of legal firms:
Solo practice (solo practioner)= professionista autonomo
global firm,
small law firm (boutique),
mid-size law firm,
large law firm

pp.20-23
Introduction to Company formation and management
Concept of liability = legal responsibility in case sth goes wrong
Company (can be liable, owners are insulated from this threat
Partnership (cannot be liable while its owners are responsible for their actions)

Discussion: differences between a company and partnership, documents requested to form a company and people involved in the management.
Ex.1 Reading & comprehension
Questions to reinforce vocabulary

Focus on language: collocations

Extension exercise 2.1_ collocation

Ex 2-3: Vocabulary practice
Listening 1+ transcript
Company formation: Ex 4-6

Part 2
From Grammar book:
Revision of Modal verbs

Lingua Inglese a.a. 2008-2009

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Appello del 13.02.08

Segua il link risultati esami lingua inglese


Il risultato raggiunto da chi non risulta in elenco va dai 6 ai 24 punti su un totale di 60.

Vogliamo discutere delle difficoltà dell'esame?

In generale, anche in questo appello le difficoltà riscontrate sono state in tutti gli esercizi, con qualche performance migliore negli esercizi di reading comprehension.
Spesso ho potuto constatare che lo studente non ha compreso il tipo di consegna, lasciandosi guidare dall'intuito sul da farsi piuttosto che leggere con attenzione quanto richiesto.

Riporto una delle consegne:

A4 For each of these words or phrases, find the italicised word(s) in the text (si riferiva a un brano presentato) which most closely matches its meaning.

1 passed ___________________
2 who have the right to __________________
3 instead _____________________
4 on condition _____________________
5 cancelled ______________
6 revised ________________
7 given to ________________

Che cosa mi ritrovo???
le parole e frasi sopra esposte in italiano piuttosto che abbinate a quelle già presenti nel testo!!



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